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【英语语法分类大全】定语从句

来源:www.56r8.com 2024-03-03

定语从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句一般出目前先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词维持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这类词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起用途如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2)Whose

用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),比如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大伙都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,比如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有些兴盛。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地址或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的意思等于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替用,比如:
There are occasions when one must yield. 其他人都有不能不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝大家帮助他的原因吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地址、方法、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,比如:
His father died the year he was born. 他爸爸在他出生那年去世了。
He is unlikely to find the place he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

定语从句有关学习内容:

由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
英语定语从句关系代词的使用方法与不同
由关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有什么区别
定语从句关系词省略的6种情形
高中英语定语从句句型概要
高考考试英语定语从句解题办法
典型高考考试英语陷阱题解析·定语从句

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